Effects Of Moderate-intensity Aerobic Exercise Research Articles

Retracted: Effect of Moderate-Intensity Aerobic Exercise on Hepatic Fat Content and Visceral Lipids in Hepatic Patients with Diabesity: A Single-Blinded Randomised Controlled Trial.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2020/1923575.].

Aerobic Exercise Ameliorates Muscle Atrophy Induced by Methylglyoxal via Increasing Gastrocnemius and Extensor Digitorum Longus Muscle Sensitivity.

Muscle atrophy is characterized by the loss of muscle function. Many efforts are being made to prevent muscle atrophy, and exercise is an important alternative. Methylglyoxal is a well-known causative agent of metabolic diseases and diabetic complications. This study aimed to evaluate whether methylglyoxal induces muscle atrophy and to evaluate the ameliorative effect of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise in a methylglyoxal-induced muscle atrophy animal model. Each mouse was randomly divided into three groups: control, methylglyoxal-treated, and methylglyoxal-treated within aerobic exercise. In the exercise group, each mouse was trained on a treadmill for 2 weeks. On the last day, all groups were evaluated for several atrophic behaviors and skeletal muscles, including the soleus, plantaris, gastrocnemius, and extensor digitorum longus were analyzed. In the exercise group, muscle mass was restored, causing in attenuation of muscle atrophy. The gastrocnemius and extensor digitorum longus muscles showed improved fiber cross-sectional area and reduced myofibrils. Further, they produced regulated atrophy-related proteins (i.e., muscle atrophy F-box, muscle RING-finger protein-1, and myosin heavy chain), indicating that aerobic exercise stimulated their muscle sensitivity to reverse skeletal muscle atrophy. In conclusion, shortness of the gastrocnemius caused by methylglyoxal may induce the dynamic imbalance of skeletal muscle atrophy, thus methylglyoxal may be a key target for treating skeletal muscle atrophy. To this end, aerobic exercise may be a powerful tool for regulating methylglyoxal-induced skeletal muscle atrophy.

Effects of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on cognitive fatigue relief: a randomised self-controlled study

ABSTRACT Although it was reported both rest and physical activity can alleviate cognitive fatigue to some extent, there is no direct scientific evidence determining which approach is more effective. This study aimed to investigate the effect of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on the alleviation of cognitive fatigue. A 30-min TloadDback task was used to induce cognitive fatigue in 20 healthy adults, and 12-min quiet rest and moderate-intensity aerobic exercise were performed in random order. During the cognitive task, standard deviation of the NN interval (SDNN), total frequency (TP, 0–0.4 Hz) and very low frequency (VLF, 0–0.15 Hz) of heart rate variability increased significantly. The blink duration and number, fixation number, saccade amplitude and number increased significantly with time, while fixation duration and pupil size decreased significantly. After 12-min intervention protocols, the participants’ feeling of fatigue, vigour and boredom recovered significantly. The recovery of fixation duration was better after quiet rest, while the pupil size was significantly larger after aerobic exercise. It was found that both quiet rest and aerobic exercise can alleviate cognitive fatigue, but aerobic exercise may be more effective in the recovery of arousal levels.

Irisan Profile of Obese Women After Moderate Intensity Aerobic Exercise

Irisin in obesity was found to be lower than in individuals with normal weight. Low irisin levels lead to decreased metabolism. Low metabolism causes a decrease in muscle mass, storage of triglyceride energy, and accumulation of excess fatty acids in the body which can lead to the risk of obesity. This study aims to prove the effect of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on increasing irisin levels in obese women. This research method is true experimental with a random calculation design between pretest-posttest groups. A total of 18 obese women aged 20-25 years were actively involved in research activities and were divided into two groups, namely KK (n = 9; control group), and KE (n = 9; experimental group). Aerobic exercise was given using a set intensity of 60-70% HRmax with a treadmill for 45 minutes, 3x/week for 8 weeks. Irisin levels were evaluated before and after the intervention using the ELISA Kit method. The data analysis technique used the Paired Sample T-Test with a 5% confidence level. The results showed the average irisin level between before and after the intervention in KK (0.83±0.97 vs. 0.86±1.25 ng/mL, p=0.961), KE (0.69±0.64 vs. 2.77±1.26 ng/mL, p=0.003). Based on the results of the study it was concluded that aerobic exercise with a set intensity of 60-70% HRmax performed 3x/week for 8 weeks can increase irisin levels in obese women.

Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Markers of Brain Injury in Methamphetamine-Dependent Individuals: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Drug dependence has become a major global public health problem. This study aimed to investigate the effects of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on the blood-brain barrier and neurological damage in methamphetamine (MA)-dependent individuals. MA-dependent individuals (all males) were recruited and randomly divided into MA exercise group (MAE) and MA control group (MAC) by using random number table method. The MAE group underwent 12 weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, and the MAC group underwent conventional detoxification. The Neurofilament light chain (NfL), S100 calcium binding protein b (S100b), and Neuron-Specific Enolase (NSE) levels in the blood of MA-dependent individuals were measured before and after the exercise intervention. After the exercise intervention was implemented, the amount of change in NfL in the plasma of the MAE (1.75 ± 1.40) group was significantly different from that of the MAC (0.60 ± 1.21) group (p < 0.01); the amount of change in NSE in the serum of the MAE [-1.51 (-3.99~0.31)] group was significantly different from that of the MAC [0.03 (-1.18~1.16)] group (p < 0.05); and the amount of change in S100b in the serum of the MAE [0.66 (0.40~0.95)] group was not significantly different from that of the MAC (0.60 (0.21~1.04)) group (p > 0.05). This study showed that 12 weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise treatment significantly promoted the recovery of blood-brain barrier and neurological damage in MA-dependent patients compared with conventional withdrawal.

Comparative Analysis of the Influence of Mobile Intelligent Terminal on Human Cardiopulmonary Function in Anaerobic and Aerobic Exercise Training

In order to understand the impact of mobile smart terminals on human cardiopulmonary function in anaerobic and aerobic exercise training, we study the effects of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise and anaerobic exercise on improving human physical fitness, shape, etc. Measurement and analysis of body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness in humans during moderate-intensity aerobic and anaerobic exercise studies. The characteristics of diversified, emerging, and humanized mobile intelligent terminals have attracted the attention of college students. Mobile smart terminals have brought a lot of convenience to college students’ aerobic and anaerobic fitness. The results showed that people who participated in aerobic exercise and anaerobic exercise were more fit, and their BMI, WHR, and body fat rate were significantly better than those who did not participate in aerobic exercise and anaerobic exercise; at the same time, the lung capacity of people who participated in exercise was significantly higher. Stroke volume, maximum oxygen uptake, ejection fraction, etc., were significantly improved, and myocardial contractility was significantly improved, all better than those who did not participate in the exercise. Therefore, aerobic and anaerobic exercise can help improve a person’s body composition and improve cardiopulmonary function. Therefore, how to give full play to the value of mobile smart terminals in aerobic and anaerobic fitness has become a hot research topic.

A combination of melatonin and moderate-intensity aerobic exercise improves pancreatic beta-cell function and glycemic homeostasis in type 2 diabetic model of animals

Nocturnal melatonin secretion is important for preservation of ß-cell mass and function. Knowing that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia caused by the elevated resistance of peripheral tissues to insulin, reduction in pineal melatonin and disturbances of insulin secretion by pancreatic ß-cells.  In this context, exercise is considered one of the most valuable non-pharmacological approaches for treatment of T2DM. Considering the beneficial role of melatonin on glycemic metabolism in physical exercise, we investigated the effects of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise plus melatonin on glycemic homeostasis, the morphology and architecture of pancreas in spontaneous T2DM animals [Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats]. The results confirmed that melatonin alone reduced the mass of epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT); however, only the combination of melatonin and physical exercise significantly reduced caloric intake, body weight, WAT and improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in T2DM rats. This combination also reduced apoptosis of cells in pancreatic islets. We observed either melatonin or the combination was able to reduce insulinemia. However, only the combination improved the morphology of the pancreatic islets. Thus, we conclude that in GK rats, melatonin plays a crucial role in the functionality of the pancreas to improve insulin sensitivity of peripheral tissues and, consequently, to maintain the glucose homeostasis. In addition, the combination is more efficiency to improve glucose tolerance and integrity of pancreatic islets in GK rats than melatonin alone.

Effects of Moderate-Intensity Aerobic Exercise on Blood Glucose Levels and Pregnancy Outcomes in Patients With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

IntroductionTo investigate the effects of structured moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on blood glucose, insulin, and pregnancy outcomes in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).MethodsOne hundred one patients with GDM were randomly divided into a control group (50 cases) and an experimental group (51 cases) in a class 3 first-level general hospital. GDM patients in the control group received a personalized diabetes diet intervention, online education, and routine prenatal care. The experimental group added 6 weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise in addition to the identical conditions given to the control group. The differences of fasting and 2-h postprandial blood glucose, insulin use, and adverse pregnancy outcomes were evaluated between the experimental and control group after intervention.ResultsOutcomes were available from 89 participants. Compared with before intervention, there were statistically significant differences in fasting blood glucose and 2-h blood glucose after three meals in both groups (P < 0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the average fasting blood glucose, the average 2-h postprandial blood glucose, the insulin dosage, and the utilization rate between the experimental and control group after the intervention (P < 0.05). Parameters in the experimental group were all lower than in the control group. Compared with the control group, the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes in the experimental group after intervention was not statistically significant (P > 0.05).ConclusionModerate-intensity aerobic exercise can help improve blood glucose control and insulin use in patients with GDM. In the future, long-term follow-up can be conducted for maternal and neonatal infants to evaluate the impact of exercise intervention on the risk of type 2 diabetes.Clinical Trial RegistrationThe trial was approved by the registration of the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. Registration number: ChiCTR1900027929.

Comparative Effects Of Two Exercise Modalities On Mots-c Levels In Rats

The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c is an important cyto-protector in helping maintain mitochondrial function and cellular viability, and regulating metabolic homeostasis. It is important to understand the effects of different exercise modalities on MOTS-c levels in various physiological systems in order to identify its role as a signal of physical exercise. PURPOSE: To explore the comparative effects of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise and resistance exercise on levels of MOTS-c in the serum, skeletal muscle and heart. METHODS: Thirty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups: a control group (C, n = 10), an aerobic exercise group (A, n = 10) and a resistance exercise group (R, n = 10). Rats in the A group ran on a treadmill at 21 m/min for 60 min per day, 5 days per week, while rats in the R group climbed a ladder with incremental loads (50%, 75%, 90% and 100% 1RM respectively, 3 times/level, 5 days per week). The training period lasted for 4 weeks. Resting MOTS-c levels in the serum, skeletal muscle, and myocardium were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and group differences in MOTS-c levels were determined by using one-way ANOVAs with post-hoc tests. RESULTS: Serum MOTS-c levels were significantly higher in A and R rats compared to C rats (both p < 0.01). No difference in serum MOTS-c levels was found between A and R rats. A significant effect of interaction between fiber type and exercise modality was found on skeletal muscle MOTS-c levels. MOTS-c levels in soleus were significantly higher in A rats compared to C and R rats (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively), while MOTS-c levels in gastrocnemius were significantly higher in R rats compared to C and A rats (both p < 0.05). Myocardial MOTS-c levels were significantly higher in A rats compared to C rats (p < 0.01), while no difference was found between R and C rats. CONCLUSION: Both exercise modalities increased MOTS-c levels in the serum, and induced MOTS-c uptake into the skeletal muscle. Aerobic exercise may be more effective in facilitating MOTS-c uptake into slow twitch muscle fibers and myocardium. Further research is warranted to clarify the underlying mechanisms. (This study was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China: Grant Number 31971104)

Acute Effect of Moderate-Intensity Aerobic Exercise on Arterial Stiffness in Fine Particulate Matter Environment: A Pilot Study

PURPOSE:This study aimed to examine the effect of one bout of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on arterial stiffness under ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure.METHODS: In a randomized crossover design, seven healthy young men performed 30 minutes of treadmill running at 70% of heart rate peak under high PM2.5 and low PM2.5 exposure. Arterial stiffness was assessed by measuring the carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and augmentation index, a measure of pulse wave reflection before and after each exercise intervention.RESULTS: Regardless of the PM2.5 exposure, brachial systolic blood pressure and heart rate increased in response to one bout of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;.05). However, the augmentation index adjusted at a heart rate of 75 beats/min, central diastolic blood pressure, central mean arterial pressure, and brachial diastolic blood pressure were increased after one bout of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise under the high PM2.5 condition (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;.05).CONCLUSIONS: Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise at the high PM2.5 level may result in acute negative arterial stiffness and blood pressure responses even in healthy young men.

Acute aerobic exercise increases respiratory sinus arrythmia reactivity and recovery to a sad film among individuals at risk for depression

Cardiac vagal control (CVC), as indexed by abnormalities in resting, reactivity, and recovery levels of respiratory sinus arrythmia (RSA), has been proposed as an index of impaired self-regulatory capacity in depression. Aerobic exercise has been shown to improve positive and negative affective responses and influence autonomic function; however, it is unknown whether exercise impacts RSA reactivity and subsequent recovery to emotional challenges among individuals at risk for depression. The present study aimed to determine the effects of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on RSA reactivity and recovery to a sad film. Using a within-subjects design, 47 individuals with variable symptoms of depression completed a 30-min session of exercise and a sedentary control condition on separate days prior to viewing a sad film. On the control day, individuals with elevated depressive symptom severity displayed less vagal withdrawal to the sad film and exhibited impaired post-film RSA recovery. Following exercise, individuals with elevated depressive symptom severity demonstrated a higher degree of vagal withdrawal to the sad film and subsequent post-film recovery that matched individuals with lower depressive symptom severity. These findings suggest that a single session aerobic exercise may be an effective approach to increase emotional and self-regulatory capacity among individual at risk for, or currently experiencing, depression.

Acute Effect of Moderate-intensity Aerobic Exercise on Cerebral Blood Flow and Cognitive Function in Young Adults: Treadmill vs. Cycle Ergometer

PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare the acute effects of different types (treadmill vs. cycle) of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on cerebral blood flow and cognitive function in young adults.METHODS: By a randomized crossover study design, ten participants were initially assigned to either treadmill exercise (TE; n=5) or cycle ergometer exercise (CE; n=5) and then they performed the other with seven-day wash-out period. Both exercises were implemented at the target heart rate corresponding to 70% of heart rate reserve for 30 minutes. Cognitive function was assessed by the Stroop Color-Word test at pre- and post-exercise. Cerebral blood flow was continuously monitored using near-infrared spectroscopy technique during rest, cognitive function test (CFT), and exercise.RESULTS: There was a significant group by time interaction in tissue saturation index (TSI) (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;=.046). Post-hoc analysis presented that TSI at post-exercise CFT was higher than during exercise in TE (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;=.02). In both exercises, TSI at pre-exercise CFT significantly increased compared to the resting value (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;=.001). Cerebral oxyhemoglobin level was significantly increased during exercise and at post-exercise CFT compared to the resting value in both exercises (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;.001). The reaction time for certain cognitive tasks such as color, word with matched color, word with color interference, and color with word interference was improved after both exercises (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;.05).CONCLUSIONS: One-bout of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise acutely improves cerebral blood flow and cognitive function even in healthy young adults. Exercise types with the same intensity do not seem to make meaningful difference in the positive effects of aerobic exercise.

Acute Effect of Moderate-intensity Aerobic Exercise on Cerebral Blood Flow and Cognitive Function in Young Adults: Treadmill vs. Cycle Ergometer

PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare the acute effects of different types (treadmill vs. cycle) of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on cerebral blood flow and cognitive function in young adults.METHODS: By a randomized crossover study design, ten participants were initially assigned to either treadmill exercise (TE; n=5) or cycle ergometer exercise (CE; n=5) and then they performed the other with seven-day wash-out period. Both exercises were implemented at the target heart rate corresponding to 70% of heart rate reserve for 30 minutes. Cognitive function was assessed by the Stroop Color-Word test at pre- and post-exercise. Cerebral blood flow was continuously monitored using near-infrared spectroscopy technique during rest, cognitive function test (CFT), and exercise.RESULTS: There was a significant group by time interaction in tissue saturation index (TSI) (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;=.046). Post-hoc analysis presented that TSI at post-exercise CFT was higher than during exercise in TE (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;=.02). In both exercises, TSI at pre-exercise CFT significantly increased compared to the resting value (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;=.001). Cerebral oxyhemoglobin level was significantly increased during exercise and at post-exercise CFT compared to the resting value in both exercises (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;.001). The reaction time for certain cognitive tasks such as color, word with matched color, word with color interference, and color with word interference was improved after both exercises (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;.05).CONCLUSIONS: One-bout of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise acutely improves cerebral blood flow and cognitive function even in healthy young adults. Exercise types with the same intensity do not seem to make meaningful difference in the positive effects of aerobic exercise.

Aerobic exercise enhances positive emotional reactivity in individuals with depressive symptoms: Evidence from neural responses to reward and emotional content

Reward sensitivity and emotional reactivity have been identified as two candidate mechanisms of anhedonia in depression. There is a paucity of research examining whether deficits in reward sensitivity and emotional reactivity can be modified through brief, behavioral interventions. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on the reward positivity (RewP) and late positive potential (LPP) among individuals reporting variable symptoms of depression. Using a within-subjects design, 66 young adults completed a 30-min session of aerobic exercise and seated rest on separate days. Reward sensitivity and emotional reactivity were assessed following each session using the RewP and LPP event-related brain potentials (ERPs). Results indicated that the LPP to positive stimuli was potentiated following exercise, while no effect on RewP was observed. Notably, individuals who experienced greater emotional reactivity to positive stimuli following exercise also exhibited increased sensitivity to rewards. Depressive symptom severity failed to moderate any effects, suggesting beneficial effects of acute exercise on positive emotional reactivity across depressive symptom profiles. These findings suggest that aerobic exercise increases emotional engagement to positive stimuli, which may have implications for resolving deficits in emotional reactivity to positive content in depression.

Effect of Moderate-intensity Aerobic Exercise in the form of Interactive Video Dance Gameon BMI and VO2 Max among Overweight Children between 9 to 14 Years

Effect of Moderate-intensity Aerobic Exercise in the form of Interactive Video Dance Gameon BMI and VO2 Max among Overweight Children between 9 to 14 Years

Effect of Moderate-Intensity Aerobic Exercise on Hepatic Fat Content and Visceral Lipids in Hepatic Patients with Diabesity: A Single-Blinded Randomised Controlled Trial.

Objective Limited studies have assessed the effect of moderate-intensity continuous aerobic exercise on hepatic fat content and visceral lipids in hepatic patients with diabesity. This study was designed to evaluate hepatic fat content and visceral lipids following moderate-intensity continuous aerobic exercise in hepatic patients with diabesity. Design A single-blinded randomised controlled trial. Methods Thirty-one diabetic obese patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease were recruited into this study. The patients were randomly classified into exercise and control groups, fifteen patients in the exercise group and sixteen patients in the control group. The exercise group received an 8-week moderate-intensity continuous aerobic exercise program with standard medical treatment, while the control group received standard medical treatment without any exercise program. Hepatic fat content and visceral lipids were assessed before and after intervention at the end of the study. Results Baseline and clinical characteristics showed a nonsignificant difference between the two groups (p > 0.05). At the end of the intervention, the aerobic exercise showed significant improvements (serum triglycerides and low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), p ≤ 0.002, total cholesterol, p=0.004, visceral fats, p=0.016, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), p=0.022, high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), p=0.038, alanine transaminases (AL), p=0.044, intrahepatic triglyceride and HOMA-IR, p=0.046, and body mass index (BMI), p=0.047), while the control group showed a nonsignificant difference (p > 0.05). The postintervention analysis showed significant differences in favor of the aerobic exercise group (p < 0.05). Conclusions Moderate-intensity continuous aerobic exercise reduces the hepatic fat content and visceral lipids in hepatic patients with diabesity. Recommendations should be prescribed for encouraging moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training, particularly hepatic patients with diabesity.

Alteration of follistatin-like 1, neuron-derived neurotrophic factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor in diabetic cardiac muscle after moderate-intensity aerobic exercise with insulin

Diabetes mellitus (Di) induces the inflammation and destruction of remodeling in cardiovascular environment. Exercise with increase in levels of cardiokines such as FSTL-1 and angiogenesis-inducing factors has cardioprotective effect in some heart diseases. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise and insulin injection on levels of cardiac FSTL-1, NDNF, and VEGF in diabetic rats. To test the hypothesis that FSTL-1 may be a molecular link between exercise and improved cardiac remodeling and angiogenesis in diabetic heart, we subjected diabetic rats, induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ (55 mg/kg, freshly dissolved in 0.4 ml citrate buffer, pH 4.5). The rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6 in each group): control Di (without exercise and without insulin), insulin Di (without exercise and with insulin), exercise Di (with exercise and without insulin), and insulin and exercise Di (with exercise and with insulin), for 6 weeks and examined the relevance of FSTL-1, NDNF, and VEGF to exercise-mediated cardiac effects. The 6-week exercise training intervention involved 30 min of moderate-intensity running on a treadmill once daily (5 d/w). Measurement levels of cardiac FSTL-1, NDNF, and VEGF were performed an ELISA kit. Representative image of myocardium stained with H&E. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results of this study show that exercise or insulin injection alone has a significant effect on FSTL-1 and NDNF (p ≤ 0.05). Also, there is a significant interaction between exercise and insulin in FSTL-1 (P = 0.001, F = 61.612), and NDNF (P = 0.001, F = 29.414) and VEGF (P = 0.001, F = 29.414). The results of this study showed that insulin and exercise Di group had better effects on NDNF and VEGF in diabetic animal. Also, FSTL-1 changes and functions in the heart of diabetic rats were different from other pathology such as MI sample. However, in this regard and investigating these factors in the heart of the diabetic sample, more studies are needed.

Effects of Exercise on Blood Glucose and Glycemic Variability in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Dawn Phenomenon.

Background The dawn phenomenon (DP) is the primary cause of difficulty in blood glucose management in type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients, and the use of oral hypoglycemic agents has shown weak efficacy in controlling DP. Thus, this study is aimed at investigating the effect of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise before breakfast on the blood glucose level and glycemic variability in T2D patients with DP. Methods A total of 20 T2D patients with DP confirmed via continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) participated in the current study. After collecting baseline measurements by CGM as a control, CGM was reinstalled and 30 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise was performed prior to breakfast. Dawn blood glucose increase, blood glucose levels, and glycemic variability were measured before and after exercise. Results Dawn blood glucose increase (ΔGlu, 1.25 ± 0.84vs.2.15 ± 1.07, P = 0.005), highest blood glucose value before breakfast (Gmax, 8.01 ± 1.16vs. 8.78 ± 1.09, P = 0.005), highest blood glucose value before breakfast (Gmax, 8.01 ± 1.16vs. 8.78 ± 1.09, P = 0.005), highest blood glucose value before breakfast (Gmax, 8.01 ± 1.16vs. 8.78 ± 1.09, P = 0.005), highest blood glucose value before breakfast (Gmax, 8.01 ± 1.16vs. 8.78 ± 1.09, P = 0.005), highest blood glucose value before breakfast (Gmax, 8.01 ± 1.16vs.2.15 ± 1.07, P = 0.005), highest blood glucose value before breakfast (Gmax, 8.01 ± 1.16vs.2.15 ± 1.07, P = 0.005), highest blood glucose value before breakfast (Gmax, 8.01 ± 1.16vs.2.15 ± 1.07, P = 0.005), highest blood glucose value before breakfast (Gmax, 8.01 ± 1.16Conclusions Acute moderate-intensity aerobic exercise before breakfast reduced the morning rise of blood glucose in T2D patients, partially counteracting DP. Furthermore, exercise significantly reduced blood glucose fluctuations and improved blood glucose control throughout the day. We recommend that T2D patients with DP take moderate-intensity aerobic exercise before breakfast to improve DP and glycemic control.

The effects of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on myocardial fibrosis in ovariectomized rats

Objective To explore the effect of moderate intensity aerobic exercise on myocardial fibrosis in ovariectomized rats and investigate the possible mechanism. Methods Thirty female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham operation (control) group and ovariectomized and ovariectomized exercise (exercise) groups according to a random number table. Rats in the control group had only adipose tissues around their bilateral ovaries resected, while the other two groups underwent bilateral oophorectomy. Afterward, the animals in the control and ovariectomized groups were kept at rest while those in the exercise group performed 10 weeks of moderate-intensity treadmill training (15-24 m/min). Forty-eight hours after the last exercise, the cardiac structure and functioning of all of the rats were measured using echocardiograms, histopathological detection was conducted using Masson staining, myocardial collagen volume fraction (CVF) was measured, and type I (Col-I) and type III (Col-III) collagen contents were evaluated colorimetrically. Western blotting was used to determine the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) protein. Results Compared with the control group, significant increases in myocardial CVF, Col-I and Col-III were observed in the ovariectomized group, while significant decreases were found in the ejection fraction of their left ventricals (LVEF), 64 kDa MMP-2 and TIMP-2 proteins and their ratio. Compared with the ovariectomized group, the animals in the exercise group had significantly increased myocardial CVF, Col-I and Col-III, and significantly decreased LVEF, 64 kDa MMP-2 and TIMP-2 proteins, as well as decreased ratios. There was no significant difference in the expression of 72 kDa MMP-2 among the three groups. Conclusion Moderate-intensity aerobic training can alleviate myocardial fibrosis and improve cardiac function, at least in rats. This may be related to maintaining the MMP-2/TIMP-2 balance in the system. Key words: Aerobic exercise; Ovariectomy; Myocardial fibrosis; Matrix metalloproteinase-2; Metalloproteinase-2 inhibitors

Acute Effect of modeRate-intensity aerOBIc Exercise on Colon Cancer Cell Growth

Acute Effect of modeRate-intensity aerOBIc Exercise on Colon Cancer Cell Growth